Table 13
Regression models on earnings, by major immigration class

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Table 13
Regression models on earnings, by major immigration class
Table summary
This table displays the results of Regression models on earnings Economic class, Family class, Refugees, Model 1 and Model 2, calculated using log earnings and value units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  Economic class Family class Refugees
Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2
log earnings
Intercept 10.342Note *** 9.172Note *** 10.392Note *** 9.797Note *** 10.413Note *** 9.903Note ***
United States -0.046 -0.178Note *** -0.175Note ** -0.221Note *** Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Caribbean 0.016 -0.108Note * -0.205Note *** -0.081 -0.344Note *** -0.199Note ***
Central and South America 0.017 -0.020 -0.160Note *** -0.035 -0.203Note *** -0.018
Northern Europe 0.188Note *** -0.121Note ** 0.110 -0.063 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Western Europe 0.077Note * -0.121Note *** 0.054 0.081 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Southern Europe -0.004 0.011 0.004 0.113Note * -0.186Note *** 0.052
Africa 0.093Note ** -0.015 -0.204Note *** -0.106Note * -0.276Note *** -0.027
South Asia 0.089Note ** 0.023 -0.173Note *** -0.076 -0.215Note *** -0.035
Southeast Asia 0.104Note *** 0.049 -0.069Note ** 0.008 -0.040 0.038
East Asia 0.045 -0.055Note * -0.152Note *** -0.160Note *** -0.166Note ** -0.014
West Asia 0.027 -0.015 -0.239Note *** -0.153Note ** -0.278Note *** -0.067
Oceania and other 0.130 -0.097 -0.236Note *** -0.113 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Female Note ...: not applicable -0.169Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.319Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.248Note ***
Years since immigration Note ...: not applicable 0.039Note *** Note ...: not applicable 0.031Note *** Note ...: not applicable 0.036Note ***
0 to 5 years of age at landing Note ...: not applicable -0.446Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.350Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.404Note ***
6 to 12 years of age at landing Note ...: not applicable -0.167Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.123Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.198Note ***
English or French mother tongue Note ...: not applicable 0.004 Note ...: not applicable 0.052Note * Note ...: not applicable 0.019
Less than high school Note ...: not applicable -0.449Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.420Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.458Note ***
High-school graduation Note ...: not applicable -0.305Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.314Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.336Note ***
Some postsecondary education Note ...: not applicable -0.185Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.190Note *** Note ...: not applicable -0.214Note ***
Bachelor's degree Note ...: not applicable -0.010 Note ...: not applicable 0.010 Note ...: not applicable -0.022
Family market income at entry (logged) Note ...: not applicable 0.101Note ** Note ...: not applicable 0.047 Note ...: not applicable 0.013
Family income growth Note ...: not applicable 0.041 Note ...: not applicable 0.003 Note ...: not applicable -0.024
Fathers with university degree at landing Note ...: not applicable -0.210Note *** Note ...: not applicable 0.063 Note ...: not applicable 0.051
Fathers not speaking English or French Note ...: not applicable -0.154Note ** Note ...: not applicable 0.052 Note ...: not applicable 0.007
Source-country gross domestic product per capita (logged) Note ...: not applicable 0.019Note *** Note ...: not applicable 0.015 Note ...: not applicable 0.027Note **
  value
R squared 0.003 0.176 0.010 0.172 0.014 0.174
... not applicable
Note *

significantly different from reference category (p<0.05)

Return to note * referrer

Note **

significantly different from reference category (p<0.01)

Return to note ** referrer

Note ***

significantly different from reference category (p<0.001)

Return to note *** referrer

Notes: Model 2 also controls for geographic region of residence and 12 occupation categories. The sample size is 28,865 for the economic class, 16,052 for the family class, and 12,367 for refugees. The reference group is 'male' for sex, '13 to 17 years' for age at landing, 'other mother tongues' for mother tongue, 'graduate degree' for educational attainment and 'Eastern Europe' for source region.
Source: Statistics Canada, authors' calculations based on data from the 2011 National Household Survey and Immigrant Landing File linkage.
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